He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. Flagler commissioned the architects and builders of his other St. Augustine buildings to create the Venetian Renaissance Revival style . [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Flagler originally intended West Palm Beach to be the terminus of his railroad system, but in 1894 and 1895, severe freezes hit the area, causing Flagler to reconsider. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. Flagler's son dropped out of school and failed to follow his father into business, causing a lifelong rift between the two men. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. At least, not yet. Not to mention a talented young woman named Mary Lily. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. He even owned newspapers in Florida. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. 101 - 123). They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Indeed, Mary Harkness Flagler's ailments first brought Henry Flagler to Far Florida. Harry Flagler was the only of Henry Flagler's children who outlived their father. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. A Second Wife and a Second Career. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. The accommodation features a satellite TV. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. St. Augustine, Florida The same year that she arrived in New York, her doctors insisted that she spend the winter in a kinder climate. [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. University Press of Florida. Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. . He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. [12], Undeterred, though vilified for the first time by the press, Flagler and Rockefeller continued with their self-reinforcing cycle of buying competing refiners, improving the efficiency of operations, pressing for discounts on oil shipments, undercutting competition, making secret deals, raising investment pools, and buying rivals out. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? He was connected with government officials and industry elites. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. [34] Although her work prompted a huge backlash against the company, Tarbell claims to have been surprised at its magnitude. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. He became known as the Father of Miami, Florida. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Seasons 4, 6-7. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. Timeline Sources cited Graham, T. (2014) Mr. Flagler's St. Augustine (A Florida Quincentennial Book). Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". He was born in New York. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York on January 2nd, 1830 to Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. Flagler and Rockefeller had envisioned the use of pipelines as an alternative transport system for oil and began a campaign to build and acquire them. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. He is known as the father of St. Augustine, Mia Graham, Thomas. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. VisitStAugustine.com. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . Covert, Robert. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. The baby, named Margery, died when she was only a few hours old. Henry Flagler is a famous Entrepreneurwho has a net worth of $60 Million. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. The Standard Guide to St. Augustine. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? 0:00. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. Mrs. Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . When asked by the president of Rollins College in Winter Park about his philanthropic efforts, Flagler reportedly replied, "I believe this state is the easiest place for many men to gain a living. In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. 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