It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. B. Metallo, Smart Grid. AMI introduces serious privacy concerns, as immense amounts of energy use information will be stored at the meter. Residual C urrent E lectrical F ire M onitoring D etector. args.unshift('send'); 95 Daniel Smart King Skull Bell (1) By some accounts, 13 is a sacred number offering its own innate level of safety, so this bell featuring 13 skulls wearing helmets makes a wonderful gift for any man or woman who rides. Standby power system codes and standards references. Easy operation. Power industry experts look to the smart grid in much the same manner as computer and telecommunications experts looked at the advent of the internet, or information superhighway less than a generation ago. It recognizes smart-grid technology as the merger of power generation, distribution, metering and switching equipment with communication, information technology, and with new user applications. parameters = {}; Electric terrorism: grid component targets, 19942004 (source: Journal of Energy Security). With Smart Power Systems, you'll be able to maximize your space and your system operations in the most efficient and effective manner through a unique computer grade-filtering option. Unique "super-cooled" power generation for continuous 120F operation; Command & Control Center continuously monitors system and optimizes overall performance; Meets/exceeds NFPA 1901 requirements; Ease of Operation. John Woltman, president of Smart Power Systems, says the company's generators "will uniquely provide trucks J1939-compatible communication plus advanced diagnostic capabilities." }); There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. return null; 2011. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { To achieve this goal, a new megainfrastructure is emerging from the convergence of energy, telecommunications, transportation, the Internet, and electronic commerce. Cyberthreat evolution (source: EPRI). Mr. Gies has become a leading subject matter expert for his company in the field of global product safety compliance, working primarily with Alcatel-Lucents wireless base station equipment. Finally, no matter how many layers of security or how much sophistication is used in defense mechanisms, it is essential that the industry hire qualified people. } It also points out known safety issues with localized electric power generation systems that will be more enabled by smart grid technology. This network represents an -enormous investment, including more than 15,000 generators in 10,000 power plants and hundreds of thousands of miles of transmission and distribution lines. window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; To cause physical damage equivalent to that from a small to moderate-size tornado would be extremely difficult, even for a large, well-organized group of terrorists. According to the investigation, power system operation scenarios are classified into 3 categories: time-centered scenarios, process-centered scenarios and emergency-centered scenarios. The driving scientific motivation is to further our understanding of adaptive self-healing and self-organizing mechanisms that can be applied to the development of secure, resilient, and robust overlaid and integrated energy, power, sensing, communication, and control networks. Currently, in the United States alone it is estimated that US$6 billion is lost by electricity providers to consumer fraud in the electric grid. Their latest technology also allows for remote maintenance of the system, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming on-site servicing. Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg Current privacy laws in the United States are fragmented and vague and do not specifically address consumer energy usage. As these separate technologies become merged, much of the safety considerations will have to be merged and reconciled as well, particularly at interfaces. 1) Non-malicious attackers who view the security and operation of the system as a puzzle to be cracked. S. M. Amin, Energy infrastructure defense systems, Proc. While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. Connect the power system to 220v mains power using the supplied cord. In many complex networks, the human participants themselves are both the most susceptible to failure and the most adaptable in the management of recovery. New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. Creating Custom Bells; Guardian Bells. Since it is imperative that the industry maintain 100% uptime, both the physical security of the AMI system hardware and multiple standard IT security features like encryption and authentication must be provided for. In addition, adversaries often have the potential to initiate attacks from nearly any location in the world. S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.1.1"}}; 5, pp. Development of greener technologies and alternative fuels has become a global economic priority, so smart grid technology has the potential to be one of the next great technological waves. if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { Moreover, the number of threats against computer systems is rapidly increasing due to the increased availability of highly sophisticated hacker tools on the Internet and the decrease in technical knowledge required to use them to cause damage. }; The adjunct to the magazine is the monthly PES eNews Update. OTHER SAFETY CONCERNS LOCAL POWER GENERATION robust advanced power generation portfolio. Identity theft threat. substations are used to transform voltage at several times in many locations, that providing safe and reliable delivery of energy. As plug-in electric vehicles replace gasoline-only burning vehicles on the market, parking lots will need to be equipped with outdoor charging stations. We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. } We could reasonably expect to see some form of communication interfaces and information technology in some appliances that traditionally would never have had such interfaces (washer/dryers, refrigerators, etc.). , lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. Accidents frequently happen at railway crossings due to the lack of quickly operating gate systems, and to fewer safety measures at the railway crossing as well. The implementation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is widely seen as one of the first steps in the digitization of the electric grids control systems. if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { Figure 2. As a result, cybersecurity is just as important as physical security, if not more so. var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); } As a trusted and reliable manufacturer of power products, we make it our goal to bring you quality devices that you can count on. (function () { Energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures are becoming increasingly interconnected, thus posing new challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. 624631. The best way to approach this new, merged technology is to break it down into its component technologies, then use existing or new standards to evaluate safety issues involving the component technologies. Smart grid solutions helps to monitor, measure and control power flows in real time that can contribute to identification of losses and thereby appropriate technical and managerial actions . 1799 N. Clinton Avenue, The larger the amount of data is, the lower the density of valuable information will be. safe operation of a smart power system. The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. We should expect this standard to be used extensively for smart-grid equipment. Layered security (or defense in depth) involves strategically combining multiple security technologies at each layer of a computing system in order to reduce the risk of unauthorized access due to the failure of any single security technology. $(document).ready(function() { These include the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), a joint program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); EPRIs Enterprise Information Security (EIS) program; EPRIs post9/11 Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI); and various North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) initiatives, such as its information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), public key infrastructure (PKI), and spare equipment database. 3038, Jul./Aug. return; IEEE Power & Energy Society. Please contact the Science & Technology department at 858-534-3229 or unex-sciencetech@ucsd.edu for information about when this course will be offered again. In 1990, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) issued a detailed report, Physical Vulnerability of the Electric System to Natural Disasters and Sabotage. It is made available to members of the Society at no additional cost, and to non-members by subscription. }; Possible threats to the electrical grid introduced by the use of AMI include: As more utilities move toward using Internet Protocol (IP)based systems for wide area communications and as the trend of using standardized protocols continues throughout the industry, maintaining the security of such devices will be critical. Either software patching or the ability to rapidly identify and isolate the exploited systems must be enabled in order to minimize downtime. Emerging standards fall well short of achieving this ultimate goal. For the near term, we would expect to use IEC 60950-1 to evaluate smart grid equipment with communication and information technology circuitry for safety, as well as the required protection and separation from other circuits that they require. 166 Smart Grid Safety and Security: Educational and Research Activities Disturbances in smart grid operation can originate from natural disasters, failures, human factors, terrorism, and so on. In Compliance is a leading source of news, information, education, and inspiration for electrical and electronics engineering professionals. The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. 9, no. In the USA, it consists of more than 9,200 electric generating units with more than 1 million megawatts of generating capacity connected to more than 300,000 miles of transmission lines. Thus, staff members must be well trained to respond to a wide variety of emergencies since no amount of technology can replace well-trained personnel. Why? }; window.ExactMetricsDualTracker = { The total cost of a stronger transmission system would be about US$82 billion over the next decade. :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} Choose Heat or Cool from the mode options. Automotive Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. Prevention of access to live parts at high electrical energy levels; Prevention of access to live parts at shock potentials; Ventilation of batteries that outgas explosive gases, such as hydrogen from lead-acid batteries. Due to the gravity of these threats, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) policy statement on the smart grid states that cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the smart grid and that the development of cybersecurity standards is a key priority. 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', The number of documented cyberattacks and intrusions worldwide has been rising very rapidly in recent years. The ability of the system to operate within system constraints ( i.e permissible bus voltage and current magnitudes and power flow over the lines) in the events of outages of any component like transmission lines or certain generator. Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) Smart Grids can be achieved by implementing efficient transmission & distribution systems, system operations, consumer integration and renewable integration. } Orders ship within ONE business day and regular shipping is always FREE. For outdoor applications, suitably housing the batteries in an outdoor enclosure that, if equipped with lead-acid batteries, is well ventilated in accordance with IEC 60950-22 to prevent the accumulation of explosive gases. hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; Within a substation control network, it is common to find commercial telephone lines as well as wireless, microwave, optical fiber, and Internet connections. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. The results of a 2007 McAfee survey highlight the pervasiveness of such attacks. /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. hitObject = arguments[2]; We might expect to have campus-type communications from the charging station to a central control station, and then have a trunk telecommunication connection to the network; Currency handling technology, which might involve direct input of paper or coin currency, credit-card transactions, smartcard or wireless interface, or, quite possibly, cell-phone enabled transactions; and. Smart meters will need to be cost-effective, since millions will need to be purchased and installed to replace antiquated analog devices. It uses the three-block model for pain and injury from the energy source to the person, with the middle block covering the safeguarding necessary to prevent or limit the harmful energy to a person. Prior to working at AT&T, Mr. Gies was a Tempest engineer for Honeywell-Signal Analysis Center, where he worked on various secure communications projects for the US Army Communications -Electronics Command. Our Smart Cord is a versatile device that not only meets the demands of your growing business layouts, but provides reliable power protection you can count on . In remote locations, stand-alone systems can be more cost-effective than extending a power line to the electricity grid (the cost of which can range from $15,000 to $50,000 per mile). A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. The smart grid would also manage the connection of millions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the power system. Figure 1. The environmental benefits that smart grid technology can deliver are collectively demanded by most of Earths inhabitants at this time, and the decrease in dependence on fossil fuels and other nonrenewable power sources is also sought through this new technology. Besides, an. Furthermore, IEC 62368-1, the new international hazard-based safety engineering standard for audio/video, information and communication technology is well-suited for use in this modular-safety approach. All rights reserved. Normally, the customer-owned generation is required to sense the absence of utility-controlled generation and cease energizing the grid. hitObject = { if (hitObject) { Education We witnessed the significance of proper operation planning on March 20, 2015, during the total solar . return true; width: 1em !important; (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); 7577, May/June 2009. Try again later. } S. M. Amin, Balancing market priorities with security issues: Interconnected system operations and control under the restructured electricity enterprise, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. /* Opt-out function */ The Safe Operating Area of Power MOSFET is given here: All the maximum voltage and current ratings and power dissipation are conveniently brought together in the safe operating area diagram. As a core module of the online security analysis system, power system state estimation is a major part of a modern energy management system. As a result, several key privacy concerns need to be addressed, including those outlined by the Cyber Security Working Group of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). About Smart Power -. arguments[5] : 1, In this dual operating system, the existing hierarchy, people, and management largely remain. if (! With this, we should expect a modular approach in evaluating the safety of these appliances, whereby we evaluate the communication subsystems as we would for communication equipment and information technology equipment (ITE), while the bulk of the appliance is evaluated in accordance with the basic safety standard that normally applies to such appliances. var newtracker = function () { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'timingLabel': 'event_label', Articles 1-20. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. Send questions or comments to the Webmaster. /* ]]> */ A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operation and energy measures including: . f.hitCallback(); /*